cover of episode Summer School 5: 250 years of trade history in three chapters

Summer School 5: 250 years of trade history in three chapters

2024/8/7
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Robert Smith: 本期节目探讨了自由贸易的历史，从亚当·斯密的《国富论》到现代贸易争端，涵盖了保护主义、关税、比较优势等核心概念，并分析了美国与自由贸易的复杂关系。节目中穿插了历史事件和经济学家的观点，例如亚当·斯密对自由贸易的倡导，科德尔·赫尔将自由贸易与世界和平联系起来，以及中国加入WTO后对全球贸易格局的影响。节目还讨论了自由贸易的益处和弊端，以及如何应对贸易带来的负面影响，例如产业结构调整和就业机会的流失。 Gordon Hanson: 贸易既有益处也有弊端，它会创造赢家和输家。自由贸易可以提高效率和降低价格，但也会导致某些产业的衰落和就业机会的流失。政府需要找到一种新的模式来平衡贸易带来的好处和负面影响，关注如何帮助人们适应变化，而不是仅仅依靠关税等措施。比较优势理论指出，国家应该专注于其最具效率的产业，自由贸易将引导市场实现这一目标。然而，全球化和自由贸易的快速发展也带来了新的挑战，例如中国加入WTO后对全球贸易格局的影响，以及由此引发的产业结构调整和就业机会的流失。 Jacob Goldstein: 节目回顾了美国与自由贸易的复杂关系，从建国初期对亚当·斯密理论的忽视，到科德尔·赫尔将自由贸易与世界和平联系起来，再到现代贸易争端中对自由贸易的质疑。节目中分析了保护主义政策的政治经济学，指出集中利益通常会胜过分散成本。同时，节目也探讨了关贸总协定（GATT）的建立和世界贸易组织（WTO）的出现，以及这些机构在促进国际贸易中的作用。最后，节目指出，尽管自由贸易取得了成功，但人们仍然对自由贸易存在争议，关注点转向了自由贸易的受害者，例如在海外工厂工作的工人和因工厂搬迁而失业的美国工人。

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In 1776, Adam Smith challenged the prevailing belief that a nation's wealth was measured by its gold reserves. He argued that a nation's true wealth lies in its people's standard of living, advocating for free trade to reduce prices and increase access to goods. Despite Smith's influence, the early United States adopted protectionist policies, prioritizing domestic industries over free trade.
  • Adam Smith argued that a nation's wealth is measured by its people's standard of living, not gold reserves.
  • Smith advocated for free trade to lower prices and improve standard of living.
  • Despite Smith's influence, the early United States adopted protectionist policies.

Shownotes Transcript

Episodes each Wednesday through labor day. Find all the episodes from this season here). And past seasons here). And follow along on TikTok here for video Summer School). Trade has come up in all of the episodes of Summer School so far. An early use of money was to make trade easier. Trade was responsible for the birth of companies and the stock market. And trade was the lifeblood of the early United States.Today's episode covers 250 years of trade history in three chapters. We start with one of the founding texts of economics, *Wealth of Nations, *in which Adam Smith argues a country's true value is not measured in gold and silver, but by its people's ability to buy things that enhance their standard of living. Then we'll watch American politicians completely ignore that argument in favor of protecting domestic industries – until one congressman makes a passionate case for free trade as the means to world peace. And finally we'll follow the trade debate up to the modern day, where the tides of American politics have turned toward regulation.*This series is hosted by Robert Smith and produced by Audrey Dilling. Our project manager is Devin Mellor. This episode was edited by Planet Money Executive Producer Alex Goldmark and fact-checked by Sofia Shchukina. Subscribe to Planet Money+ for sponsor-free episode listening in Apple Podcasts) or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)