cover of episode Summer School 4: Banker vs president and the birth of the dollar

Summer School 4: Banker vs president and the birth of the dollar

2024/7/31
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C
Cordelia Frances Biddle
H
H.W. Brands
J
Jacob Goldstein
M
Matt Jaremski
R
Robert Smith
S
Sharon Murphy
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Robert Smith: 本集探讨了美国建国初期在经济制度方面所做的尝试和面临的挑战,包括中央银行的建立与废除、统一货币体系的形成以及经济恐慌的周期性出现。节目中穿插了历史故事,例如安德鲁·杰克逊与尼古拉斯·比德尔的冲突,以及南北战争时期货币体系的变革。 Sharon Murphy: 美国建国初期,由于对纸币发行导致通货膨胀的担忧,以及对权力过于集中的顾虑,并没有建立统一的货币体系和中央银行。这导致了经济的混乱和周期性的恐慌。在南北战争后,统一的货币体系和国家银行体系的建立,在一定程度上缓解了这一问题,但经济的繁荣与萧条的循环依然存在。 Jacob Goldstein, David Kestenbaum: 南北战争前,美国流通着多达8000种不同的货币,这给商业交易带来了极大的不便。南北战争期间,政府发行绿钞以筹集战争资金,并建立了国家银行体系。这标志着美国货币体系走向统一。 H.W. Brands: 安德鲁·杰克逊总统的平民背景和强硬作风,使其与银行家尼古拉斯·比德尔在经济政策上发生冲突,最终导致了美国第二银行的倒闭和1837年的经济恐慌。 Cordelia Frances Biddle: 尼古拉斯·比德尔作为银行家,其实非常擅长他的工作,这对美国经济有益。 Matt Jaremski: 南北战争前,美国货币流通混乱,不同地区对同一种纸币的接受程度和价值不同,人们需要携带大量不同种类的货币才能进行交易,还需要使用专门的书籍来辨别不同货币的真伪和价值。 Brian Murphy: 南北战争期间,政府发行绿钞以及建立国家银行体系,促进了美国货币体系的统一。 Robert Smith: 最终,美国建立了联邦储备系统,以应对银行的短期流动性问题,在一定程度上缓解了经济恐慌,但经济的繁荣与萧条的循环依然存在,这需要在经济发展和金融监管之间取得平衡。

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Episodes each Wednesday through labor day. Find all the episodes from this season here). And past seasons here). And follow along on TikTok here for video Summer School). Planet Money Summer School has arrived at the birth of the United States and the chance to set up a whole new economy from scratch. Should there be a centralized bank? Should there be a single currency? We'll travel to two moments in the country's early history when the founders said "nope" to these questions and see what happened. First we'll witness one of the great economic battles in U.S. history – the president of the United States versus the president of the Bank of the United States – and see how the outcome ushered in an age of financial panics. Then we'll drop in on a time before the U.S. dollar existed as we know it, when you could buy things using one of about 8,000 forms of money circulating in the country. We watch as the Civil War leads to the first standard currency. Along the way, we'll learn why the cycle of economic booms and busts persists to today despite efforts to centralize America's economy throughout history. *This episode was edited by Planet Money Executive Producer Alex Goldmark and fact-checked by Sofia Shchukina. Subscribe to Planet Money+ for sponsor-free episode listening in Apple Podcasts) or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)