cover of episode How flying got so bad (or did it?)

How flying got so bad (or did it?)

2024/7/5
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Don Burr
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Kenny Malone
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Nancy Rose
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在20世纪40年代后期至70年代,美国政府对航空业进行严格管制,导致机票价格高昂,但飞行体验豪华舒适。 Don Burr 等人认为政府管制对消费者不利,并成功游说政府放松管制。放松管制后,新的廉价航空公司如 People Express 出现,通过降低成本和取消额外服务来降低票价,吸引了大量乘客。 然而,大型航空公司如 American Airlines 的 Bob Crandall 等高管则强烈反对放松管制,并通过各种手段(如降低票价、削减成本、推出常旅客计划等)来对抗廉价航空公司的竞争。 最终,行业整合导致航空公司数量减少,但低成本航空公司的兴起又带来了价格竞争,机票价格大幅下降,更多人能够乘坐飞机出行。然而,飞行体验也因此下降,服务质量变差,乘客需要为额外服务单独付费。 经济学家 Nancy Rose 指出,大型航空公司之间存在默契,但低成本航空公司的竞争仍然对价格构成压力。 虽然机票价格大幅下降,但飞行体验却大不如前,这体现了经济整体的权衡取舍。 在政府管制时期,航空公司通过提供豪华服务来竞争,机票价格高昂,只有富人才能够负担得起。 放松管制后,廉价航空公司的出现使得机票价格大幅下降,更多人能够乘坐飞机出行,但同时也牺牲了服务质量,乘客需要为额外服务单独付费。 大型航空公司也通过各种手段来应对竞争,如降低票价、削减成本、推出常旅客计划等。 最终,行业整合导致航空公司数量减少,但低成本航空公司的竞争仍然对价格构成压力,使得机票价格保持在较低水平。

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We often hear that air travel is worse than it's ever been. Gone are the days when airplanes touted piano bars and meat carving stations — or even free meals. Instead we're crammed into tiny seats and fighting for overhead space. How did we get here? Most of the inconveniences we think about when we fly can be traced back to the period of time just after the federal government deregulated the airlines. When commercial air travel took off in the 1940s, the government regulated how many national airlines were allowed to exist, where they were allowed to fly, and how much they could charge for tickets. But the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 swept all these restrictions aside – and stopped providing subsidies for the air carriers. Airlines had to compete on ticket prices. That competition led to a more bare-bones flying experience, but it also made air travel a lot more affordable. In this episode, we trace the evolution of air travel over the past century to discover whether flying really is worse today — or if it's actually better than ever. We'll board a plane from the "golden age" of air travel, hear the history of one of the original budget airlines and meet feuding airline CEOs. Along the way, we'll see how economic forces have shaped the airline industry into what it is today, and what role we, as consumers, have played. *Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts) or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney).*Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoices)NPR Privacy Policy)