14 给孩子报天价兴趣班之前，90%家长都会忽略的食育教育 |对谈营养学教授

2024/9/21

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马

马晓光

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马晓光：作为两个孩子的父亲，我深刻体会到儿童食育教育的重要性。从孩子出生到独立饮食，我全程参与，并结合专业知识（营养学教授）和创业经历（营养厨房），帮助孩子养成良好的饮食习惯。我曾帮助孩子减肥，方法并非单纯控制热量，而是调整饮食搭配，并与孩子一起坚持。家庭用餐氛围很重要，让孩子参与做饭，能提升他们对食物的兴趣和认知。家庭食育比兴趣班更重要，它成本低，陪伴时间长，食物是纽带，增进亲子关系。国内学校食育教育有进步，但缺乏体系性和专业性，例如缺乏专职营养师。学校食堂食物营养搭配有待改进，小卖部食品影响营养效果。日本食育教育值得借鉴，它将食育融入日常生活，注重参与感、感恩教育和动手能力，而非单纯传授知识。法国食育教育注重营养和饮食文化，培养孩子优雅的生活方式。应对儿童挑食偏食，应先改善亲子关系，再循序渐进引导，并尝试多种方式让孩子接受食物。儿童肥胖需要全家共同努力，及时干预，并改变生活方式。帮助孩子长高，需要营养均衡、运动和充足睡眠，生长激素并非万能，滥用存在风险。面对外卖和预制菜，应尽量在家做饭，减少外食，控制高盐高脂食物摄入。阿俏：在门诊中，我观察到家长对孩子食育教育存在两个极端：过度紧张和完全不在意。家庭支持对儿童减重至关重要，学校的支持也很重要。我分享了国外学校食育的成功经验，例如美国学校会配合家长，鼓励孩子喝水而不是喝可乐。我分享了在门诊中遇到的各种儿童饮食问题，例如挑食、偏食、暴饮暴食、厌食等，并指出这些问题与家庭环境密切相关。我分享了关于儿童厌食症的案例，指出这种问题可能源于家庭环境和父母的苛刻要求，并强调了正确审美的重要性。蕾蕾：我分享了在家庭中如何将食育教育融入日常生活，例如鼓励孩子参与做饭，并给予积极的鼓励和支持。我分享了国外学校食育教育的案例，例如法国学校的午餐至少三道菜，培养孩子优雅的生活方式。我提出了一些关于儿童饮食问题的建议，例如如何平衡健康食物和垃圾食品，以及如何帮助孩子长高。我分享了关于儿童牙齿健康的案例，指出国外儿童牙齿普遍较好，这与良好的口腔卫生习惯和专业的牙科护理有关。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why is food education important for children according to Ma Xiaoguang?

Food education is not just about teaching children how to eat but also about cultivating scientific, artistic, and gratitude education. It helps children develop future survival skills, a love for life, and a sense of reverence for nature and life.

What are some challenges in implementing food education in Chinese schools?

Chinese schools lack a systematic approach to food education and often lack professional guidance, such as having dedicated nutritionists. School canteens and snack shops sometimes prioritize profit over nutritional value, leading to unhealthy food options.

How does Japan integrate food education into its school system?

Japan integrates food education into daily school life through practices like having students participate in meal preparation and distribution. They also emphasize gratitude education, with students thanking those who provide their meals. Additionally, schools have dedicated nutritionists who oversee meal planning and preparation.

What are some common eating issues among children and how can they be addressed?

Common eating issues include picky eating, overeating, and anorexia. These issues often stem from both physiological and psychological factors. Addressing them requires a supportive family environment, gradual exposure to new foods, and sometimes professional intervention. Encouraging children to participate in cooking can also help change their attitudes toward food.

What is Ma Xiaoguang's opinion on the use of growth hormones for height increase in children?

Ma Xiaoguang believes that growth hormones should only be used when there is a proven deficiency, as their misuse can lead to long-term health risks such as metabolic disorders and thyroid issues. He emphasizes that a balanced diet and adequate exercise are more sustainable and safer ways to support healthy growth in children.

How does Ma Xiaoguang suggest balancing children's desire for junk food with their health?

Ma Xiaoguang suggests that parents should focus on creating a balanced and supportive food environment at home. While occasional indulgence in junk food is acceptable, the emphasis should be on teaching children about the importance of nutrition and encouraging them to participate in cooking and meal preparation to develop healthier eating habits.

What are the potential risks of relying on pre-made meals and takeout for children's diets?

Pre-made meals and takeout often contain high levels of salt, fat, and preservatives, which can negatively impact children's health. Ma Xiaoguang advises parents to minimize reliance on these options and instead prioritize home-cooked meals, which allow for better control over ingredients and nutritional quality.

Chapters

本节邀请马晓光老师，医学博士，分享其“营养厨房”创业项目以及在家庭中如何实践食育教育的经验。马老师强调家庭陪伴和共同参与做饭的重要性，并分享了帮助孩子减肥的成功案例。

马晓光老师的创业项目"营养厨房"旨在通过实践操作让孩子们爱上健康饮食。
家庭食育的重要性：通过陪伴孩子做饭、一起吃饭，建立良好的饮食习惯和亲子关系。
成功的儿童减重案例：马老师分享了与孩子共同减肥的经验，强调陪伴和饮食调整的重要性。

Shownotes Transcript

本期是我们的圆梦时刻！很荣幸邀请到了**我们共同的偶像——马晓光老师！**马老师曾任浙大营养系的副教授、博士生导师，营养厨房创始人，也是两个可爱孩子的父亲。 (那天我们约在一家茶馆的阁楼录制，隔音效果不算太好，有时还能听到一阵鸣笛。但丝毫不影响我们聊天的兴致！甚至忘记拍摄我们心心念念的合照了！直到结束后各自返程，阿俏在地铁上，我[蕾蕾]在马路边，和马老师一起视频比耶~~咔嚓留下珍贵的合照截图一张~~谢谢马老师的无条件配合！【悄悄说：马老师真人比照片还要帅100倍！】）

马老师结合专业知识和自己的创业经历给我们分享了儿童食育教育的重要性、国内外学校食育教育的现状，更是通过亲身陪伴孩子减肥和一起做饭的经历，探讨家长对孩子食育教育的态度，以及如何通过更科学的方式教育孩子？此外，我们共同讨论了儿童青少年的挑食、偏食、暴饮暴食、厌食等常见进食问题的成因和应对方法，以及减重和追高的科学策略。

食育教育不只是饮食教育，也是科学教育、艺术教育和感恩教育，更是对未来生存技能、对生活的热爱、对生命和自然敬畏之心的全面培养。

希望这些深入的讨论和生动的经验，为大家带来一些启发。

Timeline：

00:02:40马老师的创业经历：让孩子们爱上健康饮食的营养厨房项目

00:05:58 马老师分享自己在家庭教育中的食育教育

00:10:33 儿童减重，家庭的支持至关重要！

00:13:10 国内学校食育教育的进步与不足

00:15:33 国内学校食堂和小卖部存在的营养问题

00:22:24 日本的校餐：食育不仅是营养知识的传授，而是融入生活的综合性教育

00:27:17 对学生饮食的严格管理是对孩子天性的磨灭吗？

00:28:40 中国家长：做饭哪有学习工作重要？！

00:29:55 做饭是一件融入了科学教育与艺术教育的事儿