cover of episode Dara Massicot on Battlefield Developments in Ukraine and the Threat of Escalation

Dara Massicot on Battlefield Developments in Ukraine and the Threat of Escalation

2024/12/6
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Dara Massicot是卡内基国际和平基金会俄罗斯和欧亚项目的高级研究员,她对俄罗斯军事和乌克兰战争有深入的研究。她认为,向乌克兰提供的远程武器能否改变战局取决于数量,目前库存并不充足,且并非“银弹”。俄罗斯公开讨论在俄境内袭击造成的损失,这是一种沟通策略的转变,暗示他们认为美国直接参与其中。攻击弹药库等目标可能会对战局产生影响,但提供的远程武器并非决定性因素。长期以来,支持乌克兰对美国自身军火储备的影响一直是隐忧,这个问题需要结构性解决,包括增加国内武器产量和解决劳动力短缺问题。解决美国军火储备不足的问题需要同时解决工厂产能、资金投入和劳动力短缺等问题,这与俄罗斯军工面临的问题类似。155毫米炮弹的生产能力已得到显著提升,但更先进武器的生产速度仍然缓慢。乌克兰各军事单位都面临不同程度的人力短缺,尤其是在步兵方面,新兵平均年龄在40岁左右。朝鲜军队加入俄军可能会加剧库尔斯克地区的压力,俄罗斯的伤亡人数创历史新高,但其攻击并未停止。俄罗斯为招募士兵提供的报酬不断提高,这表明其也面临人力短缺,但这种做法也导致俄罗斯社会对士兵伤亡的麻木。目前尚无证据表明朝鲜军队已在乌克兰战场上投入战斗,他们似乎被整合进了库尔斯克地区的俄军部队。俄罗斯目前的军事目标是在新政府上任前尽可能取得战场优势,他们可能会继续推进,直到达成具体的谈判或停火协议。即使达成和平协议,俄罗斯也会利用这段时间重建军队。乌克兰面临的人力挑战以及俄罗斯持续的攻势,可能会导致前线出现局部突破,尤其是在顿涅茨克南部和扎波罗热地区。乌克兰未能充分利用2024年进行动员和训练,这与西方武器供应延迟以及乌克兰内部指挥问题有关。尽管如此,乌克兰人民的战斗意志并未崩溃,但需要解决指挥问题和军队与民众之间的信任问题。乌克兰战争已成为大国战略竞争的焦点,虽然不一定是第三次世界大战,但已达到战略竞争的临界点,局势非常紧张。俄军在叙利亚的军事存在受到乌克兰战争的影响,其远程打击能力受到限制,地面作战能力也因瓦格纳集团的重组而削弱。如果叙利亚局势恶化,苏罗维金可能会被重新启用。乌克兰未来军事战略应侧重于继续发展无人机等远程作战能力,同时解决军队内部的指挥问题和军队与民众之间的信任问题,以提升战斗力并维持前线。

Deep Dive

Key Insights

Why did the Biden administration authorize the use of U.S. weapons to attack targets on Russian soil?

The decision was made to potentially impact the battlefield dynamics and help Ukraine, though the inventory of longer-range ATACOMs is not particularly robust.

What are the potential effects of using ATACOMs on the battlefield?

ATACOMs can target significant air defense systems and ammunition depots, impacting Russian artillery capabilities. However, they are not a game changer due to Russian interception and jamming capabilities.

Why are the Russians openly discussing their losses from attacks inside Russia?

The Russians are openly discussing losses to directly implicate the United States, viewing it as a communication issue rather than obfuscating the truth.

What are the structural issues affecting U.S. weapon production?

Issues include factory capacity, expense, and labor shortages, similar to challenges faced by the Russian industrial base.

How has the U.S. defense industrial base been impacted by the war in Ukraine?

The war has highlighted inadequate production rates and the need for structural adjustments to meet global obligations and support Ukraine effectively.

What are the manpower challenges faced by Ukraine's military?

Challenges include acute shortages of infantry, particularly in territorial defense and National Guard units, and a high casualty rate leading to reluctance among mobilized individuals to serve as frontline infantry.

How are the Russians using North Korean troops in the conflict?

North Korean troops are being integrated within Russian units in Kursk, aiming to push out Ukrainian positions, but they are not yet deployed inside Ukraine itself.

What are Russia's current military objectives in Ukraine?

Russia aims to push forward as much as possible, particularly in Kursk, to gain the best possible position before a potential change in U.S. administration and to regenerate its military for future conflicts.

What are the potential risks of a Russian breakthrough in Ukraine?

Ukraine uses drones and FPV munitions to hold the line, but there are weak parts of the front where manpower shortages could lead to significant Russian gains, particularly in southern Donetsk and Zaporizhia.

How has Ukraine's military strategy evolved in 2024?

Ukraine focused on holding positions and striking without building reserves, leading to current manpower shortages and the need for structural adjustments in command and recruitment.

Chapters
The authorization of using US weapons to strike targets inside Russia raises questions about its impact on the battlefield. While some strikes have successfully hit significant air defense systems, the limited supply of ATAKOMs and their vulnerability to interception mean they are not a game-changer.
  • Limited supply of ATAKOMs
  • Successful strikes on air defense systems
  • Russian acknowledgment of losses
  • ATAKOMs not a silver bullet

Shownotes Transcript

Max and Maria speak with Dara Massicot, one of the leading experts on the Russian military and the war in Ukraine. Dara gives updates on the efforts of both sides to make gains on the battlefield, along with the current risks of escalation as we head into 2025. This conversation was recorded on December 3, 2024.