cover of episode Helen Beebee on Laws of Nature

Helen Beebee on Laws of Nature

2024/2/10
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David Edmonds和Nigel Warburton介绍了休谟关于自然规律的经典问题:我们观察到规律,例如重力,但无法经验到其必然性,这种必然性可能只是我们主观臆断。他们指出,自然规律似乎具有特殊地位,并非简单的经验概括。 Helen Beebee探讨了自然规律的定义,区分了自然规律与单纯的经验概括,例如“所有笔都高于三英尺”或“没有人活过124岁”,这些只是偶然的普遍性描述。她指出,一些哲学家认为自然规律具有必然性,而非单纯的描述,这涉及到区分“必须如何”与“如何发生”的问题。Beebee认为自然规律可以被视为一种简化模型,帮助我们预测和理解世界,但这种规律性可能被归纳问题所挑战。她介绍了阿姆斯壮的观点,认为自然规律是普遍性之间的必然联系,以及禀赋本质论的观点,认为事物的基本属性是禀赋属性,这些属性本身就决定了事物的行为方式。她比较了这两种非休谟主义观点对易碎玻璃的解释,并最终提出,我们进行反事实推理时,需要自然规律,但不需要复杂的形而上学解释,可以将自然规律视为最佳系统中的公理。在反事实推理中,我们应该将自然规律而非偶然的普遍性描述视为不变的。她总结道,休谟的观点认为宇宙本质上是不稳定的,规律性只是偶然的幸运。 Helen Beebee详细阐述了三种关于自然规律的观点:休谟的观点认为自然规律只是规律性,阿姆斯壮的观点认为自然规律是普遍性之间的必然联系,禀赋本质论则认为事物的基本属性是禀赋属性,这些属性本身就决定了事物的行为方式。她用易碎玻璃的例子说明了这三种观点的不同,并指出,在反事实推理中,我们应该将自然规律视为不变的,而偶然的普遍性描述则可以变化。她认为,不需要复杂的形而上学解释,可以将自然规律视为最佳系统中的公理。 David Edmonds和Nigel Warburton主要负责引导话题,提出问题,并对Helen Beebee的观点进行总结和补充。他们也参与了对休谟观点的讨论,并强调了自然规律在科学和日常生活中所扮演的重要角色。

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Chapters
This chapter explores the fundamental question: What constitutes a law of nature? It delves into the distinction between mere generalizations about how the world behaves and laws of nature which seem to possess a special status. The discussion touches on David Hume's skepticism about necessity and explores different philosophical perspectives on laws of nature.
  • Hume's skepticism about the necessary link between events.
  • The special status of laws of nature compared to mere generalizations.
  • The debate on whether laws of nature have a modal or necessary status.

Shownotes Transcript

Podcast: Philosophy Bites) (LS 64 · TOP 0.05% what is this?))Episode: Helen Beebee on Laws of Nature)Pub date: 2010-12-05[Get Podcast Transcript →](https://www.listen411.com/?audio_url=https://audio.listennotes.com/e/p/77a3805c05f04b4296ef0b223e022bbc/&notes=Helen Beebee on Laws of Nature))powered by Listen411) - fast audio-to-text and summarization What is a law of nature? Is it merely a generalisation about how things behave? Or does it have a different status? Helen Beebee) investigates these questions in conversation with Nigel Warburton) for this episode of the Philosophy Bites) podcast. Philosophy Bites is made in association with the Institute of Philosophy). The podcast and artwork embedded on this page are from Edmonds and Warburton, which is the property of its owner and not affiliated with or endorsed by Listen Notes, Inc.