The fall of Assad's regime in Syria has been a major humiliation for Putin, as he used Syria as a showcase for Russian military power to distract from Ukraine and Crimea. The $32 billion spent and the loss of Russian lives and equipment have significantly damaged Russia's foreign policy standing.
Syria served as a training ground for over 10,000 Russian soldiers and pilots, as well as for the Wagner private military group, which was later deployed in the Donbass and Ukraine. Russian weapons tested in Syria were also used in Ukraine.
Russia faces staggering costs to maintain its war effort, mounting economic strain, labor shortages, and systemic corruption, all of which threaten the sustainability of its defense industrial base.
The current Western strategy of giving Ukraine enough not to lose differs from Ukraine's goal of recapturing lost territories. Aligning these strategies could help achieve a joint, more effective approach to countering Russian aggression.
Logistical and organizational support is crucial, as Ukraine's military structure needs reform, including adopting more effective command structures closer to the front lines, which could be supported by NATO and Western allies.
While uncertainty remains, recent comments by Trump suggest a less hostile stance towards Ukraine. However, the U.S. may reduce its support, placing more responsibility on European allies to step up their assistance.
Mykhnenko proposes exploiting social and economic divides within Russia, particularly in Siberia, where vast resources are exploited by Moscow but not benefiting the local population. A hybrid warfare approach, including social media campaigns, could sow discontent and weaken the regime.
Without NATO membership or a strong independent deterrent, Ukraine lacks guarantees for the security of its territory under government control. This could leave it vulnerable to future Russian aggression if a ceasefire is agreed upon.
In this extended Frontline conversation, James Hanson speaks to Dr Vlad Mykhnenko about the war in Ukraine. Originally from Ukraine, Vlad is a Professor of Sustainable Urban Development at the University of Oxford who specialises in geographical political economy.
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