Assad's allies, including Iran and Russia, were distracted by other conflicts, such as Iran's regional issues and Russia's focus on Ukraine. This left Assad's defenses weakened, and his economic difficulties and internal disgruntlement in the army further contributed to the rapid collapse.
Some Syrians celebrated in the streets, firing guns in the air and looting the presidential palace. Others were worried about the chaos and potential violence that could follow. The overall atmosphere was one of disbelief and euphoria.
Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, designated as a terrorist organization by the US and the UK, led a coalition of rebel groups that made a sudden advance, taking city after city, and ultimately leading to the fall of Assad's regime.
Assad fled to Russia, where he and his family were granted asylum. Russian state media confirmed that he is in Moscow.
Neighboring countries, such as Jordan and Iraq, are worried about the rise of Islamist groups and the potential spillover of violence into their territories. They fear that the power vacuum in Syria could inspire and galvanize militant groups within their borders.
The future is uncertain, with several groups vying for power. There is hope for a more democratic Syria, but also concerns about the dominance of strict Islamist rule. The international community is calling for an inclusive government, but the situation remains fraught with risk.
The international community, including the United Nations, is calling for the formation of an inclusive government in Syria. There is hope that this could be a second chance for democratic freedoms in the country, but there are also fears about the potential for continued conflict and instability.
President Bashar al-Assad has fled Syria, ending 50 years of authoritarian rule by his family. Over the weekend, rebels who had already taken Aleppo and Hama began to close in on the city of Homs and set their eyes on the capital Damascus.
As it became clear that Assad had fled, the BBC's Lina Sinjab crossed the border from Lebanon, becoming the first western journalists to report from Damascus as a new era began. She tells Azadeh Moshiri how some Syrians celebrated while others looted the president's former home. And our Chief International Correspondent, Lyse Doucet, explains what the future might hold for Syria, now that everything has changed.
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